2 March 2011: 2008-2009 sunspots for two years, almost completely disappeared. Solar activity fell on hundred year low;? Upper atmosphere cooled and reduced; the Sun magnetic field weakened, so penetrating cosmic rays of the solar system in record numbers. Was it openly asked physicists a great event, and solar, where all the sunspots gone?
Now they know. A response is in the March 3 edition of nature are published.
"Plasma currents deep inside the Sun interfered with the formation of sunspots and prolonged solar minimum," says lead author Dibyendu Nandi of Indian Institute of science education and research in Kolkata. "Our conclusions are based on a new computer model of the Interior of the Sun."
For years, physicists have solar recognized the importance of the Sun "large conveyor belt.". One large system plasma currents called ' meridional flow ' (similar to ocean currents on the Earth) travel along the surface of the Sun fall inwards to the pole and pop up again in the vicinity of Sun Equator.? Currents play a key role in the 11-year solar cycle of this loop.? When Sun spots start to disintegrate, surface currents sweep up their magnetic remains and drag them down into the star. 300,000 km below the surface of the Sun magnetic dynamo reinforced the decaying magnetic fields.? Animated sun spots are lively and Bob to the surface like a Cork in the water - voila!? A new solar cycle is born.
For the first time, Nandi team believes that they have developed a computer model, the physics right for all three aspects of this Prozesses--the magnetic dynamo, the conveyor belt and the vibrant development of sunspots magnetic fields retrieves.
"According to our model, the problem with sunspots actually the growth of solar cycle 23, began on the back in the late 1990's while" says co-author Andres Mu?oz Jaramillo of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. "The conveyor belt accelerates at this time."
The fast-moving belt pulled quickly sunspot corpses on Sun's inner Dynamo for reinforcement. At first glance this may seem production to boost sunspot, but no. The remains of the old sunspot reached the Dynamo, drove the belt through the reinforcement area too hastily for full resuscitation.? Sunspot production was stunted.
Later, in the 2000s, according to the model, the conveyor belt slowed again, so was magnetic fields to spend more time in recruitment zone, but the damage already.? New sunspots were in short supply.? Adding insult to injury, Act of slowly moving drive belt little animated sun spots on their way back to the surface, delayed to support the onset of solar cycle 24.
"The stage for the deepest solar minimum is set in a century", says co-author Peter Martens of the Montana State University Department of physics.
Colleagues and supporters of the team are the new model call a significant step forward.
"Understanding and prediction of solar minimum is something we never in which to do location, still retained - and it is very important," says Lika Guhathakurta, NASA heliophysics Division in Washington, DC.
During solar max relatively short is, can some years punctuated by episodes of violent flaring over and done in days, solar minimum to for years loops. The famous Maunder minimum of 17 lasted 70 years and coincided with the deepest part of the little ice age in Europe. Researchers are still struggling to understand the connection.
One thing is clear: while long minima, strange things happen. 2008-2009 Waned the Sun global magnetic field weakened and the solar wind.? Cosmic rays kept usually rose windy magnetism in the Bay of the Sun in the inner solar system.? During the deepest solar minimum in a century room, ironically, was a dangerous place to travel.? At the same time the heating action of UV radiation was usually absent provided of sun spots, so that Earth's upper atmosphere began to cool and reduce.? Junk-e space stopped decaying as fast as usual and started in the Earth's orbit to accumulate. ?And so on....
Nandi notes that their new computer model weakened magnetic field explains not only the lack of sunspots, but also the Sun in 08-09.? "It is confirmation that we are on the right track."
Next step: NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) to the movements of the Sun measure conveyor belt - not only on the surface but deep inside, too. The technique is called; helioseismology It shows the Sun in the same way, working on a pregnant woman a ultrasonic Interior.? By plugging develop high-quality data in the computer model, researchers may be able to predict how future solar will minima SDOs.? SDO is easy, but got so forecasts will have to wait.
Is indeed still a lot of work to do, but, says Guhathakurta, "Finally, we cannot crack the mystery of the Immaculate Sun."
Credits:? This research was from the NASA life with a Star programme and the Department of science and technology of the Indian Government.
See the ScienceCast of this story on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTBgHd8exI4
Author: Dr. Tony Phillips | Credit: Science@NASA
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