Jerry Brown and Andrew Cuomo are cousins kissing of the Government of the State. The two Democrats are the sons of the legendary former Governors. Both have been Attorney General of the State and is entered on the basis of this year, promising to get Persistent deficits under control. So far, Cuomo of New York is successful; Brown California is not.
The single policy and culture of each State help to explain why, but the best explanation may be institutional: Cuomo, with strong executive powers, was able to bring its legislators to an agreement. Brown, with less authority, threw up his hands in defeat.
Low model California of the Executive was presented in March 29, when Brown was unable to persuade Republican lawmakers four to join him in calling for a special election of June leaving voters decided to expand sales revenuesexistantet taxes vehicle for five years. That left Brown with no clear path to a deficit of $ 15.4 billion. With an approach to date deadline June 30, and the absence of a budget, California once again face the humiliation of having to issue certificates of debt to pay invoices. In contrast, New York legislators of both parties on 31 March approved a series of spending cuts in education and health care to eliminate a deficit of $ 10 billion without increasing taxes-backed Cuomo. They beat a deadline 1 April for a new budget for the first time since 2006 and only the third time over the past 25 years.
Governors of California faced many obstacles more than their counterparts in New York, says Bruce Cain, Professor of political science at the University of California at Berkeley. Some are the result of decades of ballot initiatives that dictate how the Government can raise and spend money, he said, including the proposal of 1988 that locked in about 40% of the general funds of the education. The State is based also on volatile sales and income for income taxes. "I do not think that it is Jerry", explained Cain. "There are institutional barriers more than a Governor of California has to face."
Voters in California began to ending perennial legislative deadlocks in 2008 by stripping the legislators of the power to establish their own legislative limits. Voters last year replaced traditional elections with a system in which first two in a primary, regardless of the party run against each other in the general election. Together, the changes potentially do districts and their representatives, less ideologically unilateral. In November, voters also reduces the qualified majority of two third party necessary to adopt a budget by a simple majority, keeping the higher threshold for tax measures.
Yet, the Governor of New York has a bigger bat than California. Cuomo, 53, needs a simple majority to raise taxes. It can also force legislators to choose between approving a budget and look at the Government to close. "In New York, they want a free meal, but they realize that it is not possible, says former Governor of California Gray Davis, a native New Yorker who is recalled to Office in 2003 on budget deficit problems." "" In California, not only we do not want a free meal, we believe that we have a constitutional right to it. ?
132.5 Billion of Cuomo surveyor 2 percent spending cuts, the first decrease in total expenditure since at least 1995. It prevented fellow Democrats to extend the tax on the income of the millionaires to one per cent of 8.97 which they sought to prevent a part of the deep cuts. Cuomo has had on what he calls "the unsustainable growth" in school assistance and Medicaid, the two largest categories of expenditures, to persuade legislators to accept cuts of $ 5 billion. Legislative leaders say that the process has been more rapid than in recent years, because the tone of the negotiations has been more civil.
Brown, 73, had negotiated with the reformist Republicans who wanted the State spending cap, change of public pensions and regulation of companies. Talks have failed, as both sides accused the other of intransigence. March 31, Republican Senate leader Bob Dutton complained that he had not met the Governor until a week earlier, when Brown was accompanied by his wife, Anne Gust Brown, lawyer and Advisor. "Frankly, I've cried more than I have spoken to," Dutton said to journalists, and especially by Mrs. Brown. ?
The bottom line: As New York ends its first budget on time in five years, continuous California faced with a deficit of $ 15.4 billion.
Marois, Nash, and Quint are reporters for Bloomberg News.
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